The Most Common Blood Disorder Anemia Essay - 1089 Words

Anemia is a condition that develops when your blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells. These cells are the main transporters of oxygen to organs. If red blood cells are also deficient in hemoglobin, then your body isnt getting enough oxygen. For this reason, doctors sometimes describe someone with anemia as having a low blood count. A person who has anemia is called anemic. It can reduce your quality of life and increase your risk of death. Anemia is the most common blood condition in the U.S. It affects about 3.5 million Americans (E medicine 1). Women and people with chronic diseases are at increased risk of anemia (Mayo Clinic 1). Certain forms of anemia are hereditary and infants may be affected from the time of birth. Women in the†¦show more content†¦It also can make almost any other medical condition worse. If anemia is mild, it may not cause any symptoms other than weakness, fatigue, and pallor. If anemia is slowly ongoing, the body may adapt and compensate for th e change; in this case there may not be any symptoms until the anemia becomes more severe. After becoming severe the symptoms become more noticeable. Symptoms include: shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, lightheadedness, headache, ringing in the ears, irritability, restless leg syndrome, mental confusion, dizziness, fainting, dimmed vision, Low blood pressure, chest pain or heart attack, yellow skin called jaundice, heart murmur, enlargement of the spleen, and a change in stool color, including black and sticky/foul smelling stools, maroon-colored, or visibly bloody stools if the anemia is due to blood loss through the gastrointestinal tract (E medicine 1). How is the blood disorder Anemia diagnosed? The Diagnosis of Anemia Determining the cause of anemia is very important because it may be the sign of a very serious illness. Doctors can easily detect anemia by drawing a blood sample for a complete blood count. 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Racism The Grand Obstacle of Society’s Advancement

In our society today, there are still a voluminous amount of instances of racial discrimination. It can vary from a trifling slur to severe verbal mistreatment. There is discrimination everywhere such as public schools, jobs, and generally anywhere you can consider. One would ponder that after approximately one hundred and fifty years since the abolition of slavery, and fifty years since the civil rights movement, we wouldn’t have the exact problem that still forays us today. Two of the most known illustrations of racial discrimination occurring would be at work and in the public school system, even if most people do not want to accept it. An exceptional solution is to inform people about equality and to set a code of conduct that should†¦show more content†¦E. Campbell. In this article, Campbell explains the contrasting rates of achievement performed by White non-Hispanics and other ethnic groups. He says that minorities such as Hispanics and African Americans have h igher drop-out rates than do non-Hispanic Whites. Consequentially, we are becoming a more divided nation; Schools for low income children and children of color are being overlooked and inadequately secure, staffed, and funded. The statistics show that those economic choices of unequal funding of schools produce most of the differences of achievement, which show evidence of racial superiority and inferiority. Campbell also gives in great detail the unsanitary conditions of schools containing a higher percentage of low income students. Campbell states that most of the failing schools in Chicago are predominantly African American and Latino. Finally, Campbell mentions our country’s history of race relations such as the enslavement of Africans, the murder of Native Americans, and the seizure of land claimed by Mexico. He wrote that despite decades of resistance and struggle, only little progress has been made toward abolishing racial oppression and stratification. Educating the community on how discrimination affects colored people will show the other side of the entire situation that people who take part of discriminating never thought of. Explaining to people that they should not judge another person by theShow MoreRelatedCRM 1301 Midterm uOttawa Carolyn Gordon Essay10218 Words   |  41 PagesHusbands were ordered to beat their wives out of charity for their soul. Those who sleep in church wore the rosary necklace. Other faces the ducking stool. Guilt and sin were a part of Christian life. Sexuality was the root of evil and women were obstacle to a man’s holiness. St Thomas Aquinas: Greatest pleasure for the blessed ones in Haven was watching tortures of the eternally dammed. Black play (end of the world -14th century): God’s punishment for sin. People turned to the village’s wiseRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 PagesAct. * Germany had miscalculated, believing it would be many more months before they would arrive and that the arrival could be stopped by U-boats. * The United States Navy sent a battleship group to Scapa Flow to join with the British Grand Fleet, destroyers to Queenstown, Ireland and submarines to help guard convoys. * Several regiments of U.S. Marines were also dispatched to France. The British and French wanted U.S. * Units used to reinforce their troops already on theRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesUniversity; Timothy Wilkinson, University of Akron; Scott Kenneth Campbell, Georgia College State University; Janet S. Adams, Kennesaw State University; William Newburry, Rutgers Business School; Dr. Dharma deSilva, Center for International Business Advancement (CIBA); Christine Lentz, Rider University; Yohannan T. Abraham, Southwest Missouri State University; Kibok Baik, James Madison University; R. B. Barton, Murray State University; Mauritz Blonder, Hofstra University; Gunther S. Boroschek, UniversityRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagessecretary of state. Source: Originally adapted from the Colorado Education Association Journal, February–March 1991. Based on original work by the Arts and Entertainment Network. Myths That Hinder Leadership Development Few things pose a greater obstacle to leadership development than certain unsubstantiated and self-limiting beliefs about leadership. Therefore, before we begin examining what leadership and leadership development are in more detail, we will consider what they are not. We will examine

Compare And Contrast Egypt and The Shang Zhou River free essay sample

Planning Page Compare And Contrast Egypt and The Shang-Zhou River Valley In Two of The Following: Environment, Government, and Religion. Egypt (Government) King†pharaoh/ half god sent to earth to maintain maat Pyramids Hieroglyphics on papyrus to keep records Similarities Theocracy Tax through military and labor Shang-Zhou (Government) Mandate of heaven Tombs Oracle bones for records Environment Hot, dry, sunny climate Agriculture dependent on river water Natural barriers (Nile River for Egypt, mountains for SZ) Southern China- heavy rainfall, Northern China- inconsistent rainfall patterns Agriculture dependent on rainfall Compare And Contrast Egypt and The Shang-Zhou River Valley In Two ot Following: Environment, Government, and Religion. By: Lexi Jassmann Egypt and the Shang-Zhou Dynasty were both powerful and influential civilization who faced similar ideas in their government, and defense strategies, but differed when it came to cultural rituals, and the use of natural resources. A solid form of government is essential to any civilization, and although Egypt and Shang-Zhou were both successful, they both used different and similar methods to onform to their religious and social standards. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare And Contrast Egypt and The Shang Zhou River or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Egypt used a Pharaoh as their king, which they claim the pharaoh was sent from a god in order to maintain maat, the distinctive order of the universe. On the contrary, the Shang- Zhou Dynasty followed their own theory of the Mandate of Heaven. The Mandate of Heaven served as a foundation for the Chinese government for three thousand years, and was used when a ruler had neglected his duties such as dishonoring gods, expressing tyranny, or ignoring warning signs of disasters; heaven could remover this mandate and put t in the possession of a more worthy ruler or family. After a ruler has fulfilled their duties and depart the physical world, both Egypt and the Shang-Zhou dynasty honor them in every way possible, however both have separate rituals and beliefs in how they should be honored. In Egypt, the Pharaoh is built a remarkable pyramid in which their body is mummified, and buried deep down in the structure. During the Shang- Zhou Dynasty, the royal family and the elite families were not buried in a pyramid, but rather in tombs with many of possessions they might need in the afterlife. To run a successful government, there has to be order and record keeping to keep from conflict and having all property, belongings, etc. needs to be officially stated. The Egyptians developed their own writing, known as hieroglyphics, on papyrus to records all their statements. Instead of hieroglyphics and papyrus, the Shang-Zhou also developed their own writing of symbols which they wrote on oracle bones to keep order in their society. A significant connection between the two is that both civilizations were a theocracy because they both believed that their leader was divine nd the closest to God. Both Egypt and the Shang-Zhou Dynasty shared the idea of charging taxes in exchange for landowning and service in the military. Charging taxes influenced many civilizations because in order to be a resident, some sort of service or duty had to be given in exchange. In retrospect, Egypt and the Shang-Zhou dynasty both shared similarities in their government which helped them grow as a large, powerful society, but also varied in some methods mostly because of religion beliefs. Environment plays an intense role in any region of the world because it etermines the lifestyle for how that civilization will prosper over time. Being located in Africa, near the equator, Egypt has the consistent face of a hot, dry, and sunny climate. The Shang-Zhou dynasty territory is located east of Africa and slightly towards the north. Therefore, Southern China gets heavy rainfall due to the monsoons in India and surrounding areas, and the northern part of China gets rainfall as well, but is inconsistent. Being that China gets a fair amount of rain, most ot their agriculture is dependent on that raintall. Instead ot depending on raintall, Egypt is primarily dependent on the Nile River which is the longest river and provides the best source of irrigation. A benefit to both the Shang-Zhou Dynasty and Egypt is that they both are in some way surrounded by natural barriers which serve as a mechanism for defense. Egypt has the Nile River which makes it difficult for invaders to get across to attack. The Shang-Zhou area has the Himalaya mountain range to the southwest, the Pamir and Tian Mountains and the Takla Makan Desert to the west, as ell as the major rivers, the Yellow and the Yangtze, to also help to protect their society.

The Functions of Poverty free essay sample

Merton pointed out how the political machine provided central authority to get things done when a decentralized local government could not act, humanized the services of the impersonal bureaucracy for fearful citizens, offered concrete help (rather than abstract law or justice) to the poor, and otherwise performed services needed or demanded by many people but considered unconventional or even illegal by formal public agencies. Today, poverty is more maligned than the political machine ever was; yet it, too, is a persistent social phenomenon. Consequently, there may be some merit in applying functional analysis to poverty, in asking whether it also has positive functions that explain its persistence. Merton defined functions as those observed consequences [of a phenomenon] which make for the adaptation or adjustment of a given [social] system. I shall use a slightly different definition; instead of identifying functions for an entire social system, I shall identify them for the interest groups, socio-economic classes, and other population aggregates with shared values that inhabit a social system. We will write a custom essay sample on The Functions of Poverty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I suspect that in a modern heterogeneous society, few phenomena are functional or dysfunctional for the society as a whole, and that most result in benefits to some groups and costs to others. Nor are any phenomena indispensable; in most instances, one can suggest what Merton calls functional alternatives or equivalents for them, i. e. , other social patterns or policies that achieve the same positive functions but avoid the dysfunctions. Associating poverty with positive functions seems at first glance to be unimaginable. Of course, the slumlord and the loan shark are commonly known to profit from the existence of poverty, but they are viewed as evil men, so their activities are classified among the dysfunctions of poverty. However, what is less often recognized, at least by the conventional wisdom, is that poverty also makes possible the existence or expansion of respectable professions and occupations, for example, penology, criminology, social work, and public health. More recently, the poor have provided jobs for professional and para-professional poverty warriors, and for journalists and social scientists, this author included, who have supplied the information demanded by the revival of public interest in poverty. Clearly, then, poverty and the poor may well satisfy a number of positive functions for many nonpoor groups in American society. I shall describe thirteen such functions economic, social and political that seem to me most significant. The Functions of Poverty First, the existence of poverty ensures that societys dirty work will be done. Every society has such work: physically dirty or dangerous, temporary, dead-end and underpaid, undignified and menial jobs. Society can fill these jobs by paying higher wages than for clean work, or it can force people who have no other choice to do the dirty work and at low wages. In America, poverty functions to provide a low-wage labor pool that is willing or rather, unable to be unwilling to perform dirty work at low cost. Indeed, this function of the poor is so important that in some Southern states, welfare payments have been cut off during the summer months when the poor are needed to work in the fields. Moreover, much of the debate about the Negative Income Tax and the Family Assistance Plan [welfare programs] has concerned their impact on the work incentive, by which is actually meant the incentive of the poor to do the needed dirty work if the wages therefrom are no larger than the income grant. Many economic activities that involve dirty work depend on the poor for their existence: restaurants, hospitals, parts of the garment industry, and truck farming, among others, could not persist in their present form without the poor. Second, because the poor are required to work at low wages, they subsidize a variety of economic activities that benefit the affluent. For example, domestics subsidize the upper middle and upper classes, making life easier for their employers and freeing affluent women for a variety of professional, cultural, civic and partying activities. Similarly, because the poor pay a higher proportion of their income in property and sales taxes, among others, they subsidize many state and local governmental services that benefit more affluent groups. In addition, the poor support innovation in medical practice as patients in teaching and research hospitals and as guinea pigs in medical experiments. Third, poverty creates jobs for a number of occupations and professions that serve or service the poor, or protect the rest of society from them. As already noted, penology would be minuscule without the poor, as would the police. Other activities and groups that flourish because of the existence of poverty are the numbers game, the sale of heroin and cheap wines and liquors, Pentecostal ministers, faith healers, prostitutes, pawn shops, and the peacetime army, which recruits its enlisted men mainly from among the poor. Fourth, the poor buy goods others do not want and thus prolong the economic usefulness of such goods day-old bread, fruit and vegetables that otherwise would have to be thrown out, secondhand clothes, and deteriorating automobiles and buildings. They also provide incomes for doctors, lawyers, teachers, and others who are too old, poorly trained or incompetent to attract more affluent clients. In addition to economic functions, the poor perform a number of social functions: Fifth, the poor can be identified and punished as alleged or real deviants in order to uphold the legitimacy of conventional norms. To justify the desirability of hard work, thrift, honesty, and monogamy, for example, the defenders of these norms must be able to find people who can be accused of being lazy, spendthrift, dishonest, and promiscuous. Although there is some evidence that the poor are about as moral and law-abiding as anyone else, they are more likely than middleclass transgressors to be caught and punished when they participate in deviant acts. Moreover, they lack the political and cultural power to correct the stereotypes that other people hold of them and thus continue to be thought of as lazy, spendthrift, etc. , by those who need living proof that moral deviance does not pay. Sixth, and conversely, the poor offer vicarious participation to the rest of the population in the uninhibited sexual, alcoholic, and narcotic behavior in which they are alleged to participate and which, being freed from the constraints of affluence, they are often thought to enjoy more than the middle classes. Thus many people, some social scientists included, believe that the poor not only are more given to uninhibited behavior (which may be true, although it is often motivated by despair more than by lack of inhibition) but derive more pleasure from it than affluent people (which research by Lee Rainwater, Walter Miller and others shows to be patently untrue). However, whether the poor actually have more sex and enjoy it more is irrelevant; so long as middle-class people believe this to be true, they can participate in it vicariously when instances are reported in factual or fictional form. Seventh, the poor also serve a direct cultural function when culture created by or for them is adopted by the more affluent. The rich often collect artifacts from extinct folk cultures of poor people; and almost all Americans listen to the blues, Negro spirituals, and country music, which originated among the Southern poor. Recently they have enjoyed the rock styles that were born, like the Beatles, in the slums, and in the last year, poetry written by ghetto children has become popular in literary circles. The poor also serve as culture heroes, particularly, of course, to the Left; but the hobo, the cowboy, the hipster, and the mythical prostitute with a heart of gold have performed this function for a variety of groups. Eighth, poverty helps to guarantee the status of those who are not poor. In every hierarchical society, someone has to be at the bottom; but in American society, in which social mobility is an important goal for many and people need to know where they stand, the poor function as a reliable and relatively permanent measuring rod for status comparisons. This is particularly true for the orking class, whose politics is influenced by the need to maintain status distinctions between themselves and the poor, much as the aristocracy must find ways of distinguishing itself from the nouveaux riches. Ninth, the poor also aid the upward mobility of groups just above them in the class hierarchy. Thus a goodly number of Americans have entered the middle class through the profits ea rned from the provision of goods and services in the slums, including illegal or nonrespectable ones that upperclass and upper-middle-class businessmen shun because of their low prestige. As a result, members of almost every immigrant group have financed their upward mobility by providing slum housing, entertainment, gambling, narcotics, etc. , to later arrivals most recently to Blacks and Puerto Ricans. Tenth, the poor help to keep the aristocracy busy, thus justifying its continued existence. Society uses the poor as clients of settlement houses and beneficiaries of charity affairs; indeed, the aristocracy must have the poor to demonstrate its superiority over other elites who devote themselves to earning money. Eleventh, the poor, being powerless, can be made to absorb he costs of change and growth in American society. During the nineteenth century, they did the backbreaking work that built the cities; today, they are pushed out of their neighborhoods to make room for progress. Urban renewal projects to hold middle-class taxpayers in the city and expressways to enable suburbanites to commute downtown have typically been located in poor neighborhoods, since no othe r group will allow itself to be displaced. For the same reason, universities, hospitals, and civic centers also expand into land occupied by the poor. The major costs of the industrialization of agriculture have been borne by the poor, who are pushed off the land without recompense; and they have paid a large share of the human cost of the growth of American power overseas, for they have provided many of the foot soldiers for Vietnam and other wars. Twelfth, the poor facilitate and stabilize the American political process. Because they vote and participate in politics less than other groups, the political system is often free to ignore them. Moreover, since they can rarely support Republicans, they often provide the Democrats with a captive constituency that has no other place to go. As a result, the Democrats can count on their votes, and be more responsive to voters for example, the white working class who might otherwise switch to the Republicans. Thirteenth, the role of the poor in upholding conventional norms (see the fifth point, above) also has a significant political function. An economy based on the ideology of laissez faire requires a deprived population that is allegedly unwilling to work or that can be considered inferior because it must accept charity or welfare in order to survive. Not only does the alleged moral deviancy of the poor reduce the moral pressure on the present political economy to eliminate poverty but socialist alternatives can be made to look quite unattractive if those who will benefit most from them can be described as lazy, spendthrift, dishonest and promiscuous. The Alternatives I have described thirteen of the more important functions poverty and the poor satisfy in American society, enough to support the functionalist thesis that poverty, like any other social phenomenon, survives in part because it is useful to society or some of its parts. This analysis is not intended to suggest that because it is often functional, poverty should exist, or that it must exist. For one thing, poverty has many more dysfunctions that functions; for another, it is possible to suggest functional alternatives. For example, societys dirty work could be done without poverty, either by automation or by paying dirty workers decent wages. Nor is it necessary for the poor to subsidize the many activities they support through their low-wage jobs. This would, however, drive up the costs of these activities, which would result in higher prices to their customers and clients. Similarly, many of the professionals who flourish because of the poor could be given other roles. Social workers could provide counseling to the affluent, as they prefer to do anyway; and the police could devote themselves to traffic and organized crime. Other roles would have to be found for badly trained or incompetent professionals now relegated to serving the poor, and someone else would have to pay their salaries. Fewer penologists would be employable, however. And Pentecostal religion probably could not survive without the poor nor would parts of the second- and third-hand goods market. And in many cities, used housing that no one else wants would then have to be torn down at public expense. Alternatives for the cultural functions of the poor could be found more easily and cheaply. Indeed, entertainers, hippies, and adolescents are already serving as the deviants needed to uphold traditional morality and as devotees of orgies to staff the fantasies of vicarious participation. The status functions of the poor are another matter. In a hierarchical society, some people must be defined as inferior to everyone else with respect to a variety of attributes, but they need not be poor in the absolute sense. One could conceive of a society in which the lower class, though last in the pecking order, received 75 percent of the median income, rather than 15-40 percent, as is now the case. Needless to say, this would require considerable income redistribution. The contribution the poor make to the upward mobility of the groups that provide them with goods and services could also be maintained without the poors having such low incomes. However, it is true that if the poor were more affluent, they would have access to enough capital to take over the provider role, thus competing with and perhaps rejecting the outsiders. (Indeed, owing in part to antipoverty programs, this is already happening in a number of ghettos, where white storeowners are being replaced by Blacks. ) Similarly, if the poor were more affluent, they would make less willing clients for upper-class philanthropy, although some would still use settlement houses to achieve upward mobility, as they do now. Thus Society could conti nue to run its philanthropic activities. The political functions of the poor would be more difficult to replace. With increased affluence the poor would probably obtain more political power and be more active politically. With higher incomes and more political power, the poor would be likely to resist paying the costs of growth and change. Of course, it is possible to imagine urban renewal and highway projects that properly reimbursed the displaced people, but such projects would then become considerably more expensive, and many might never be built. This, in turn, would reduce the comfort and convenience of those who now benefit from urban renewal and expressways. Finally, hippies could serve also as more deviants to justify the existing political economy as they already do. Presumably, however, if poverty were eliminated, there would be fewer attacks on that economy. In sum, then, many of the functions served by the poor could be replaced if poverty were eliminated, but almost always at higher costs to others, particularly more affluent others. Consequently, a functional analysis must conclude that poverty persists not only because it fulfills a number of positive functions but also because many of the functional alternatives to poverty would be quite dysfunctional for the affluent members of society. A functional analysis thus ultimately arrives at much the same conclusion as radical sociology, except that radical thinkers treat as manifest what I describe as latent: that social phenomena that are functional for affluent or powerful groups and dysfunctional for poor or powerless ones persist; that when the elimination of such phenomena through functional alternatives would generate dysfunctions for the affluent or powerful, they will continue to persist; and that phenomena like poverty can be eliminated only when they become dysfunctional for the affluent or powerful, or when the powerless can obtain enough power to change society.