Information Security Privacy in Healthcare Discussing the HIPAA Standards Requirements

Introduction Today, more than ever before, it has become increasingly apparent that the daily functioning of a healthcare institution fundamentally depends on the integrity, availability and dependability of its information systems. Patient health information, research, operations, and finance all depend on highly accessible, reliable, and robust software applications, data, and information technology infrastructure (Glaser Aske, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Information Security Privacy in Healthcare: Discussing the HIPAA Standards Requirements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, healthcare providers are required by law to strictly observe a complexity of standards as outlined in the privacy provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). This paper reviews some underlying issues related to organizational policies, procedures and documentation requirements go verning health entities for HIPAA compliance. Issues in Information Technology Reporting Data One of the underlying issues covered in the document is the need for covered entities to tighten internal and external compliance procedures by ensuring that their business associates subscribes to a set of standards and requirements aimed at ensuring the integrity and reliability of the electronic protected health information (EPHI). This objective is achieved by ensuring that the covered entity obtains signed privacy agreements with the business associates, particularly on the use and disclosure of EPHI (HIPAA, 2007). The second issue concerns the need for the covered entity and its associates to conduct regular audits on EPHI not only to ensure compliance with the requirements and standards outlined in the Act, but also to guarantee that EPHI is used for the intended purposes. Business associates, such as software developers, must therefore develop and implement record-level security ai med at restricting access to EPHI sorely to those who are allowed by the Act (Sarrico Hauenstein, 2011). The variables of EPHI that requires safeguarding as outlined in rules and regulations of HIPAA also comes out strongly in this document. Indeed, the Act requires all stakeholders – covered entities, sponsors, business associates, and subcontractors – to always ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of EPHI (HIPAA, 2007). For example, a sub-agent contracted by a business associate of a covered entity to create a component of the electronic health register (EHR) must not only ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of EPHI under its possession, but must agree to sign compliance agreements that appropriate the task of implementing reasonable and appropriate safeguards to the subcontractor (HIPAA, 2007; Cannoy Salam, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fourth, the article has comprehensively discussed how breaches to the security of patient health information should be addressed either by the covered entity or by the business associates, sponsors, or subcontractors. Lastly, the document has outlined how policies and procedures required by the Security Rule should be incorporated with the organization’s mission and culture to enable effective implementation. Here, the covered entities are given a leeway to modify the rules and procedures of the Security Rule to fit their current business practices for policy development and implementation, as long as the modifications are documented and implemented in accordance with the requirements of the Act (HIPAA, 2007). Security Breaches The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) defines a breach as the â€Å"†¦acquisition, access, use, or disclosure of protected health information in a manner not permitted under [the HIPA A privacy rule] which compromises the security or privacy of the protected health information† (Brown, 2009, p. 27). As such, any use, disclosure of, or access to, electronic patient health information that is not expressly permitted by the HIPAA privacy rule constitutes a security breach. For example, improperly disclosing patient health information that contains the name of the patient and dates of his/her appointments to a third party who is not allowed by the HIPAA security rule to have access to such information constitutes a violation of the privacy rule but not a substantial risk; however, the improper use or disclosure of sensitive patient information, such as the type of services received by the patient, constitutes a breach since such disclosure could result in harm to the patient (Brown, 2009) Technologists working in the covered entity should report the breaches to the individuals who could be harmed as a direct consequence of the breach. Serious breaches, such as those involving more than 500 patients in a given state or jurisdiction, must be reported to the media and the Secretary to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). For breaches involving less than 500 patients, however, the technologists need to report to the administration of the covered entity, who then maintain a log of the reported breaches with the aim to notify the HHS not late than 60 days after the expiry of the calendar year (Brown, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Information Security Privacy in Healthcare: Discussing the HIPAA Standards Requirements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Requirements The requirements noted in the document include: organizational requirements; requirements for group health plans, and; policies, procedures and documentation requirements. Under the organizational requirements, the covered entity is required to enter into binding contracts or other arrangemen ts with business associates who will have direct access to the covered entity’s EPHI with a view to ensure the effective implementation of administrative, physical, and technical safeguards that realistically and correctly protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of EPHI. This requirement also outlines ways through which the business associates should report breaches to the security and privacy of patient data, and the consequences for non-compliance (HIPAA, 2007). The standard on the requirements for group health plans obliges the â€Å"†¦group health plan to ensure that its plan documents require the plan sponsor to reasonably and appropriately safeguard EPHI that it creates, receives, maintains or transmits on behalf of the group health plan† (HIPAA, 2007, p. 5). This implies that the plan sponsor of the group health plan who has access to sensitive electronic patient health data is required by the Security Rule to plan documents using a languag e which is similar to that already required by the Privacy Rule. Consequently, the sponsor must not only ensure reasonable and appropriate safeguards to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of EPHI under its disposal, but must also ensure that any agent, including a subcontractor, to whom it avails this data is obliged to implement rational and appropriate security directives to safeguard the information (HIPAA, 2007). Lastly, the requirements deal with issues of how a covered entity may modify its policies and procedures to fit its mission and organizational culture, provided that the modifications are documented and implemented in accordance with the Security Rule (HIPAA, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Withrow (2010), these requirements provide the covered entities with the flexibility they need to implement the policies and procedures of the Security Rule according to their standard business practices, but they must take caution not to circumvent the requirements as enshrined in the Security Rule. In documentation standard, covered entities are not only required to retain documentation for a specified number of years (6 years) from the date of its creation or up to the date when the document was last in effect, but they are also supposed to make the documentation available to the individuals responsible for implementing the procedures to which the documentation pertains (HIPAA, 2007). Reviewing and updating the documentation as needed is also a requirement. IT Workers To ensure adherence to the requirements discussed above, the covered entities must embrace extensive and regular training of all employees, but with particular emphasis to employees in their information technology departments (Sarrico Hauenstein, 2011). The rules, standards, and requirements contained in the HIPAA are complex, thus the need for IT workers to undertake comprehensive training aimed at enlightening them on scenarios that may compromise the security and privacy of EPHI to a level that may make the entities non-compliant. Indeed, the extensive training and education should be extended to the employees of the business associates. Non-Compliance of the Requirements Organizations are often found to be non-compliant to the standards and requirements discussed in this paper due to a number of reasons, with the major one being the lack of proper understanding of what may be considered as a breach to the security and privacy of EPHI (Withrow, 2010). For example, healthcare organizations may not know that some simple acts such as a nurse giving a hospital discharge sheet to the wrong patient may constitute a breach if the health information (e.g., treatment for drug abuse) of the rightful owner is included in the discharge sheet. Varied interpretations of the standards have also been cited as a major cause of non-compliance (Sarrico Hauenstein, 2011). Lastly, failure on the part of the covered entity to implement policies and strategies that lead to reasonable and appropriate protection of the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of EPHI occasions non-compliance. Conclusion The legal liability for non-compliance of HIPAA may be a turning point for any healthcare organization – from a profit-making entity to sudden demise (Sarrico Hauenstein, 2011). Equally, EPHI is sensitive in nature and all efforts should be made to protect and safeguard this information with a wider scope of safeguarding the character and reputation of individuals. It is therefore imperative for health institutions to follow the standards and requirements contained in HIPAA to the latter if they are to kill the two birds with one stone. Reference List Brown, B. (2009 ). Notification requirements for breaches of protected health information. Journal of Health Care Compliance, 11(6), 27-30. Cannoy, S.D., Salam, A.F. (2010). A framework for healthcare information assurance policy and compliance. Communications of the ACM, 53(3), 126-131. Glaser, J., Ake, J. (2010). Healthcare IT trends raise bar for information security. Healthcare Financial Management, 64(7), 40-44. HIPAA. (2007). Security standards: Organizational, policies and procedures and documentation requirements. Web. Sarrico, C., Hauenstein, J. (2011). Can EHRs and HIEs get along with HIPAA security requirements? Healthcare Financial Management, 65(2), 86-90. Withrow, S.C. (2010). How to avoid a HIPAA horror story. Healthcare Financial Management, 64(8), 82-88. This essay on Information Security Privacy in Healthcare: Discussing the HIPAA Standards Requirements was written and submitted by user Happy Hogan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Othello Vs Much Ado About Nothing

Othello Vs Much Ado About Nothing The two villains in â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing† and â€Å"Othello† share much in common, despite their numerous differences. It is evident that Shakespeare framed the second piece of literature to be similar to the first. Although shorter, the plot of â€Å"Othello† is definitely more complex. The villains play a major part in the novels, and are very much alike in their line of thinking. The comedy, â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing† depicts the story of a group of high-ranking soldiers who travel through a town called Messina. They had been to the town before, and this time Claudio confesses his love for the governor’s daughter, Hero. Because Leonato is so fond of Claudio, the wedding is set to be a few days away. This gives Don John, Claudio’s bastard brother, a chance to show his true hatred for Claudio. He comes up with a scheme to make Claudio think that Hero is cheating by dressing Margaret in her clothing and perching her near the window with another man. When Claudio sees this, he says that he will humiliate Hero instead of marrying her. The next day Claudio does exactly as he had said, degrading Hero in front of all her family and friends. Because she did not cheat on him, she did not expect that kind of reaction. She is so dejected that she faints, and everyone assumes she is dead. Eventually Borrachio is overheard talking about Don John’s plan, and Don John is arrested. Later Claudio learns that Hero is not actually dead, and they are finally married. â€Å"Othello†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Iago is very much similar to Don John. He wants to get revenge on Othello for not being chosen as lieutenant and also suspects that Othello has slept with Emilia. Somehow Iago manages to manipulate Othello into thinking that Desdemona cheated on him. When he demands that she show him the handkerchief he had given her, and she does not, he is convinced that she is being unfaithful. This is when he decides that he must kil... Free Essays on Othello Vs Much Ado About Nothing Free Essays on Othello Vs Much Ado About Nothing Othello Vs Much Ado About Nothing The two villains in â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing† and â€Å"Othello† share much in common, despite their numerous differences. It is evident that Shakespeare framed the second piece of literature to be similar to the first. Although shorter, the plot of â€Å"Othello† is definitely more complex. The villains play a major part in the novels, and are very much alike in their line of thinking. The comedy, â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing† depicts the story of a group of high-ranking soldiers who travel through a town called Messina. They had been to the town before, and this time Claudio confesses his love for the governor’s daughter, Hero. Because Leonato is so fond of Claudio, the wedding is set to be a few days away. This gives Don John, Claudio’s bastard brother, a chance to show his true hatred for Claudio. He comes up with a scheme to make Claudio think that Hero is cheating by dressing Margaret in her clothing and perching her near the window with another man. When Claudio sees this, he says that he will humiliate Hero instead of marrying her. The next day Claudio does exactly as he had said, degrading Hero in front of all her family and friends. Because she did not cheat on him, she did not expect that kind of reaction. She is so dejected that she faints, and everyone assumes she is dead. Eventually Borrachio is overheard talking about Don John’s plan, and Don John is arrested. Later Claudio learns that Hero is not actually dead, and they are finally married. â€Å"Othello†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Iago is very much similar to Don John. He wants to get revenge on Othello for not being chosen as lieutenant and also suspects that Othello has slept with Emilia. Somehow Iago manages to manipulate Othello into thinking that Desdemona cheated on him. When he demands that she show him the handkerchief he had given her, and she does not, he is convinced that she is being unfaithful. This is when he decides that he must kil...

Job description Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Job description - Assignment Example The job also requires me to deal with major departments in the corporate office such as the liquor merchandise department, which is in charge of the entire liquor affairs. I also deal with the security department to ensure that security personnel scans all item sold to ensure proper inventory keeping on my part. This ensures that all the ordered stock is sold. I also deal with the wine representatives from various wine companies like Wine Warehouse, Gallo, Southern wines and spirit, and many other interested wine sellers. My job also revolves around customer service and out servicing. Customer service may involve wine tasting events where we set up a wine tasting for customers to help introduce new brands to them. Also, for those customers who are unable to reach the store, we offer home shopping. To stay relevant and competitively advantaged, research is conducted regularly to determine the latest preferences and brands preferred by the customers. Marketing our products is also anot her important strategy of increasing our sales. The store often pays for radio, television, newspaper and magazines adverts. In some occasions, posters are put all over town in order to attract more clients to our liquor stores. We offer relatively cheaper prices compared to the other liquor stores and strive to offer the best service to the customers. The necessary training required for my job position includes attending corporate training programs, wine seminars, and workshops. Corporate training helps to instill performance driven skill in me.

A theory gives a man at the foot of a mountain a birds eye view of Essay

A theory gives a man at the foot of a mountain a birds eye view of routes and relationships that he cannot see for himself (Elias, 1978) SPORTS SOCIOLOGY - Essay Example In the same notion, there are many different theories that can lead to different interpretations of the same events. Two of these are the theory that Elias developed called figurational theory and then there are the feminist theories, both liberal and separatist. All three of these theories can bring insight to the use of alcohol in the sports but each one also takes a different view of many aspects of the culture including how alcohol is used, why it is used, what meaning is can be derived from the usage in the context, and how it can affect different classes in the culture such as the differences between male and female roles. When one takes into account the use of theories, then one can see the whole picture better, such as a bird can, than just one small piece, such as the man at the bottom of the mountain. Elias’s main contribution to sports sociology is his figurational theory. His Western Europe theory was a historical based theory, which focused on the idea that people are interdependent and not independent. He believed that these people created networks that he called â€Å"figurations†. In order to understand the people, the researcher has to be able to understand these figurations. These figurations are the way in which people interact and help each other. Elias’s theory is based on the idea that people are social beings and therefore there are always going to be figurations. Figurational theory avoids focusing on structural agencies and dichotomies instead it tries to focus on the personal aspect of the cultures. (Germov, 2004, p. 1) Elias describes this theory as sort of a map. (1978, p. 160) In order to understand where someone is at the moment, then one needs to look back from when they came. The problem is that only after someone has gotten to where they are can they see what path they took. Within the map metaphor, Elias’s makes certain

STRATEGIC MARKETING

STRATEGIC MARKETING This assignment is generally based on Olympics 2010. On 6th July 2005, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced that London would congregation the (The London 2012 Olympics, Bob DigbyCommunity Geographer, and Geographical Association) 2012 Olympics It was chosen to be held in London Stratford, Newham. This is a sports competition which all the people in the world celebrating. To become an Olympic champion the athletes in all around the world together in one city challenging each one in range of games. Games are likely to be held on end of July 2012. TASK1 Introduction In this task I do investigate planning principles and marketing planning process of 2012 Olympics. Develop the strategic marketing plan. The marketing planning principles and process The most basic marketing principles (According to kotler (1980) are applied to customer point of reference to recognize what goals gathering now, believe, and do. The course of act begins with marketing research to identify market segment and potential needs, desires, attempt, concerns, performance. Then settle on the target market be able to influence and satisfied. Then use 4ps to power on to the market. The4ps are product, price, place and promotion. As well as the marketing mix. The marketing principles also revolve around the customer. The principle is getting the customer the right services and goods in the right time. The principles also place emphasis on customer involvement and well as integration or involvement of staff in all marketing decision making. To get this right, the process has to be taken into consideration. The marketing planning process (marketing principles and practice) Where are we now? Where do want to be? How do we get there? Which way is the best? How do we ensure safety arrival? Where are we now? To complete the marketing research and collecting the past data about the project is the first step. And also have to analyse this information and present that to future plan. This process helps to consider the financial and trade environment Consider present status in the marketplace and main sides of sales. Come across at the strengths and weakness of the company. To analyse the existing circumstances have to carry out situational analysis. SWOT analysis of 2012 Olympics. SWOTS stand for- strengths and weakness as related to opportunities and threats. STRENGTHS- Quality and a well highly regarded construction of conducting the project. Sir Robert Mc Alpine is one of the construction firms on the london2012 project. Because this company is an icon in the in a building construction sector in UK The West Midlands is geographically and economically well-placed for the London 2012 Olympic Games. Weakness Marketing techniques not superior. Need to improve new marketing techniques to customers before, during and after the Olympic. Staffing and management problems Opportunities Encouraging young people to sports. The peace can be developed. Enhance the tourism of UK. Threats Security of people- Dr peter Rayon the adviser of London Olympic 2012 added special team for supervise bomb management and VIP, Athletics security. Current financial circumstances Where do we want to be? After identifying strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of London 2012 project and made assumptions about outside factors that may affect to the project have to set up the marketing objectives. The objectives are what we want to achieve to complete the task. This is the first action of entire process of preparing a marketing plan. Objectives of London 2012 Care for lands cape without any changes To make sure to give safe games for london2012 the Olympic organisation committee work in partnership with police, government, public authorities and security companies. Ensure best personal safeness before and during Olympic competition. The goals of london2012 The business and employment development In the education sector skills and desires. Enhanced health and better life. Superior environment (Sources) Better communication The mission of london2012 Source: IOC website (2005) Mission Statement. The Olympics should provide à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Sustainable environmental legacies, such as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Rehabilitated and revitalized sites, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ increased environmental awareness, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ improved environmental policies and practices, The vision of London 2012 The vision of london2012 is a great change in different areas by the power of games. Such as changes in peoples lives, sports. And also motivates the people to go head on their lives through the sports. (c)How do we get there? (How to write a marketing plan by john Westwood) Strategies The marketing strategies are the broad methods selected to accomplish exact objectives. There are different types of strategies Defensive strategy Developing strategy Attacking strategy First look at the type of strategies that available is to use a matrix that was developed by Ansoff. Market penetration- Worldwide market penetration-The International Olympic Committee was leap to propose the games event to China. Global sponsors -Consumer products giant Procter Gamble has signed up as a global Olympics sponsor. Product development Olympic park master plan (designbuit-network.com)- In 2006 January (ODA) was workout the master pan of Olympics. Olympic Games will provide local tourism business for both to new visitors from overseas and regional travellers. Market development ((gamesmonitor.org) New report predicts that the value of the UK CCTV market will increase by 10 per cent by 2012. Investment opportunities to fabricate Olympic named products and services. E.g. Olympic t-shirts , mugs, cups, hats, toys Diversification London 2012 Business Network The Network component   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1)  Ã‚   Vital information for West Midlands business     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  attractive  business events The expansion of new clean tech industries and other strengths in artistic industries, media, logistics, and tourism. (d)Which is the possible meaning? Tactics Tactics are built-in the particulars of entity path of achievement that will be followed on a daily basis. Once developed the marketing strategy, there is a Seven P Formula should apply to constantly assess and revaluate Business activities. The seven Ps Product Price Promotion place process physical evidence People Product Compare to the other competitors offer be superiority deal. E.g.- New website presents including verity of facilities and opportunities Development of Olympic park Price The ticket prices have been announced. Tickets are available from  £20. Also special prices offered to young people, seniors across all Olympic sports. In this case from the cheapest price to higher price tickets are available according to customers needs. Promotion To promote London 2012 and attract the people on that specially designed ticket draw was introduced. Place Local people and visitors are making improvement works that have taken place along The Greenway, for the Olympic Park to Victoria Park and West Ham Station. East London is being developed with all the facilities and attractiveness. People To this huge project education sectors, business sectors, cultural organisations, charity, volunteers are involving to this. And all the range of customers is target in all around the world. (e)How do we ensure safety arrival? Control measures The ODA has resolute to clear its progress manage utility via a Planning Committee. This manuscript provides direction for the authority of the ODAs Services biased the Planning Committee, particularly to release Of the expansion manage. Creation decisions on preparation application Prepare and submitting planning reports to the Planning Committee Offer planning advice to the team. The strategic plan Overall strategic concept Guidelines Strategic objectives Strategic principles Strategic phase Develop of Olympic facilities Principles and locations Plan and design Olympic green Total reflection for Olympic games Environment development Pollution control Environment development Transport development Information and technology development Social environment development Cultural environment Health care and security Legal environment Strategic support Speedup economic development Advance development new technology Develop human recourse management Olympic action plan Action plan proposal Strategic conception Work task Support measures Transport construction Guide lines/ objectives Transport (urban) Traffic management Traffic support system Traffic organisation Energy development Proposals Mix and readjustment Clean energy projects Environment protection present states guidelines/ objectives prevent/ control pollution mange assure measure task1 (b) Here I am going to discuss the SWOT management tools that could help to analysis the current 2012 environment with reference to marketing. The SWOT management tools SWOT analysis is for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. A SWOT analysis is a planning tool used to understand the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business. It involves stating the objective of the business or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are either supportive or unfavorable to achieving that objective. SWOT is often used as part of a strategic or business planning process, but can be useful in understanding an organization or situation and decision-making for all sorts of situations. Internal factors The strengths and weaknesses To identify the strengths and weakness have to audit 7ps, 7s, ans5m External factors The opportunities and threats To identify the external factors have to cover PEST analysis. A SWOT analysis can be used a method of sales distribution a business idea a strategic option, such as entering a new market or launching a new product SWOT ANALYSIS INTERNAL EXTERNAL STRENGTHS- recourses and capabilities can be used for competitive advantage e.g.-strong brand names WEAKNESS- absence of certain strengths E.g.-weak brand name OPPURTUNITIES- external environment analysis can reveal opportunities for growth. E.g. unfulfilled customer needs THRETS-changes in external environment e.g. new regulations Can be identified strengths and weakness in the current environment when we do the SWOT analysis. So after that whatever the weakness we can convert for strengths. And also we can match opportunities and strengths and supply best service for London 2012 PEST ANALYSIS What is PEST Analysis? Organization considers PEST before and beginning the marketing process. After that environmental analysis should be continuous and feed all aspects of planning. The entire Marketing environment is made of 1. Internal environment e.g. staff 2. micro-environment e.g. our external customers 3. macro-environment e.g., Economic forces Political factors. Stability governments policy on the economy government view on culture and religion Terrorism influence in traffic Activities and it will boost need for crisis and business stability. Economic Factors. Consider the state of a trading economy. 1. Interest rates. 2. The level of inflation Employment level per capita. e.g Global contest may persist to boost over the next 5 years. London 2012 Olympics driving venture. Drive to reduce costs. Social cultural Factors In this case have to consider the roles of men and women in society the population customer constitutional rights and responsibilities Technological Factors. It is a competitive advantage, and huge driver of globalization. Cheap and supper standard of quality Distribution change of technological development. e.g. books via the Internet Technical improvements to trim down exhaust waste. Potters five A business has to understand the dynamics of its industries and markets in order to compete effectively in the marketplace. Porter (1980a) defined the forces which drive competition, contending that the competitive environment is created by the interaction of five different forces acting on a business. competition amid suppliers Threat of new market entrant Bargaining power of buyers Power of suppliers Threat of substitute products Task 2 Introduction In this task i am going to discuss the market strategy options available and benefits and limitations. THE MARKET STRATEGY OPTIONS A marketing strategy is the outcome of decisions being made a exacting product or service promote to its aim customers. In this case i do present Ansoff growth matrix- four strategies Market penetration Penetration pricing insistent advertising Traditional industries. Memorial souvenir, sporting goods which benefit from the Olympic boom.   Market development Targeting new customers The new website has been developed to keep you up to date with our product development. It includes- News Technical Technology Products Future Website Development: On-Line facilities Product development Product line stretch Introducing new line offensive new product with new sector The Sponsorship Programme with five-year calendar of events and opportunities. Diversification- Advantage of diversification is even one side of business go through bad situation, the other may not be affected. Marketing mix Marketing mix is putting the right product in the right place, at the right price, at the right time. American author, Philip Kotler prefers the 4 Cs. He suggests that the 4 Ps are a sellers mix or sales orientated approach and it therefore should be replaced by the 4 Cs which are more customer orientated, or marketing orientated. It is made up of Customer needs and wants (the equivalent of product), Cost (price), Convenience (place) and Communication (promotion). 1960 by E J McCarthy. The 4Ps are: Product / Service Place Price Promotion Product/Service Have to consider what the Customer needs from the product or service are and Features that needs. Then look at the place. The easy places to customers can reach this product or service and access the right distribution channels? After this, what is the price as they want and What is the value of the product or service Are there established price points for products or services in this area and What discounts should be offered to trade customers, and also compare the price with competitors. Then think about the Promotion. In this case competitors promotions and how that influence to our promotional activity does all those have to consider. When consider the Olympic 2012 in London, when we do practical the marketing strategic options the marketing mix has allots of benefits and also varies limitations. Because of London 2012 the construction sector, business economic sectors, education sectors transport systems, like that allots of sides on UK is being developing. But because of the security reasons like terrorism and pollution, environment protection there are some limitations have to consider with all the strategic options. This project pushes the country through the development of new technology such as giant screens and environment protection like green scheme. Task 2 (b) The stake holder Stakeholders are anybody who might directly be affected and influence on London 2012 Olympic Main stake holders of London 2012 British association The BOA is completely dependent and commercial sponsorship who support for GB. DCMS Responsible for the London Olympic Games and Paralympics Games and works closely with other key stakeholders THE MAIOR OF LONDON The Mayor of London is Co-Chair of the Olympic Board, which oversees the 2012 project. Olympic Park Legacy Company After the London 2012 Games this company is responsible for the long-term planning, development, management and maintenance of the Olympic Park. Secondary stake holders Media TFL Schools Police/ forces Customers sponsors Stakeholders are analysis according to their power and interest of the organization. There are four types of stakeholders Keep Satisfied -high power /low interest Engage Closely and Influence Actively- high power/ high interest Monitor (minimum effort) Low power low interest Keep Informed-low power / high interest It is important to involve stake holder to marketing decisions be cause some types of planning purpose will need to comprise a report of participation to show stakeholder conversation in move ahead of the submission of the planning application. And some projects, like business planning require stakeholder participation and wider communal liability. Key stakeholders are directly influence and important to the success of the project. Task 3(a) current changes The pest analysis of London 2012 Political- Political factors are mostly including government legislation forcing businesses. The Olympic Games are frequently under attack by terrorist groups. Sports events are mostly developed and improved in education sector. The cost of Olympics budget may affect to present government stability. Economical- Economic services consist of effects of increase, interest rates and exchange rates. Present financial dip can be a pressure to the government. Over budgeting of the project Hard to cover the Skills gap Social- In the schools increasing participation in sport Community Development such as charity organizations, volunteer work forces. Technological- Technology is changing speedily. Depending on market, technology can be change. For London Olympics giant screens are best example for that people can watch the Olympic in live where ever the country when screens are available. On line people can do investments and develop the business through the new web site. Task 3 (b) how respond For all these changes planning committee and project team has to respond to reach their goal. So they. Have to consider with health and safety rules and regulations and follow them accurately for safeness of the people. The datas of the project and employees and all the people who involve to the project must be protected And the mean time have to provide best opportunity to the people. For technological changes if there any skills gap have to make use from another countries. It may be very expensive. Task 3 (c) the functional areas may develop Hr Security media transport HR In the hr sector have to clarify the present job opportunities. And to get maximum out come from human recourse. And also by minimise the number of jobs and cover the budget of the project. School students projects and volunteer workers projects and also awarding systems can be introduced next 3 years. Security For security purpose high tech speed cameras can be fixed. Train a special secret security team with special hidden cameras and mike that no one can recognise. Media Giant screen New website Special magazines Transport Development of roads, highways Special buses, fights, trains for London 2012

The Philosophy of Filipino Culture

Philosophy of Filipino Culture May 20, 2010 Crossing Cultures: A Philosophical Reflection on Filipino Culture and Cultural Transition Experienced by Third Culture Kids Oh it's a mystery to me. We have a greed, with which we have agreed†¦ and you think you have to want more than you need†¦ until you have it all, you won't be free. Society, you're a crazy breed. I hope you're not lonely, without me. – Eddie Vedder (Society) In a world that is becoming increasingly smaller as globalization takes its universal toll on countries and cultures, the sentiments expressed in the lyrics of this song often resonate with the individual trying to find a sense of identity through society and feeling overwhelmed by it. As we have learned in class, an individual tries to concretize him/herself by acting in the world as a â€Å"dynamic X. † This characteristic, as explained by Max Scheller, is a universal factor inherent in everyone that drives us as humans to try to find our identity in a world that is constantly changing around us. Being a â€Å"Dynamic X† we ourselves are constantly changing, and we triangulate our sense of identity by comparing ourselves to the society around us to try and develop a sense of who we are through achievement, careers, personal preference of music, movies, literature and – most importantly – our name. It is through our name that we present ourselves and our capacity for historicity to the world. It is also through our name that we are known and recognized as part of a society. Considering the inherent characteristic of being a â€Å"Dynamic X† and how we use it to derive a ense of identity, the most influential factor which we use as a reference to triangulate our identity is culture. Culture, as we have learned in class, tells us how to be a person amongst others. The culture to which we are born into is something that we are affected by without having a conscious choice in how it affects us. As we develop into adults, we imbibe the cultural values, c ustoms and traits around us and form who we are through them. This process of imbibing a culture is forever ongoing, giving merit to the characteristic of being a â€Å"Dynamic X†. In its most general definition, culture can be seen as a code of systems and meanings which are unique amongst different diversities of people. Generally, most people are born and raised in one dominant culture to which they identify with as their own. Reflecting on this definition of culture and how we go about imbibing it as we develop our sense of identity, the question that this paper will attempt to answer is â€Å"what happens if a person grows up in several different cultures and how does it affect their own sense of identity? Falling into this unique and growing demographic, I personally have experienced growing up in several different cultures around the world. Being the son of a missionary couple, I have lived in three drastically different countries and cultures throughout my life. Having spent my early childhood years living in Jos, Nigeria, I assimilated into my identity certain â€Å"African† characteristics that I still feel have a hold on who I am today. Spending the bulk of my educational and developmental years here in the Philippines, I have also categorized my identity as being half-Filipino, an epiphany of sorts that only took place in my life after having experienced life alone in Philadelphia, PA U. S. A. All my life I have grown up with the mentality that the U. S is my â€Å"home. † Even though my mother is a full blooded Filipina, we were conditioned as children to believe that the U. S is where we would ultimately settle. This shaped my sense of identity significantly while growing up as I utomatically assumed that because I was an American citizen at birth I was 100% American. All that changed, however, when I graduated high school here in the Philippines and started college in the U. S. I soon found myself to be far different from the Americans around me. Several aspects of American culture, one that I associated as my own growing up, became increasingly difficult to relate to. I finally decided during my sophomor e year in college to move back to the Philippines to finish my studies. I regard that decision as one of the best ones I have made in my life. As I moved back here however, I also felt a severe distance and separation from the culture around me. This feeling led me to the realization that I was considerably different from people born exclusively into Filipino and American cultures. It was during my first months living back here that I realized I was a textbook example of what is known as a Third Culture Kid. According to sociologists David C. Pollock and Ruth E. Van Reken, a â€Å"Third Culture Kid (TCK) is a person who has spent a signfificant part of his or her developmental years outside the parent’s culture. The TCK builds relationships to all of the cultures, while not having full ownership in any. Although elements from each culture are assimilated into the TCK’s life experience, the sense of belonging is in relationship to others of similar background. † Throughout the last half of the 20th century, the TCK demographic has been growing significantly as international travel and commerce have been made extremely convenient. Being a type of identity, however, the TCK experience does not fully encapsulate what it means to be an individual, as the second sentence in the definition above points out. Lacking the option to â€Å"own† a culture or be fully recognized as a member of a society definitely affects the sense of individual identity of the TCK growing up. As experienced by me, the longing to be a fully integrated member of a culture or society can create extreme insecurities and dysfunctions in a person if they do not focus on the advantages of what a TCK identity has to offer the world. Using my TCK identity as a framework for understanding the Filipino culture, hich I consider now to be the closest to my heart in terms of who I am, I will attempt to reflect on certain aspects of it that I found difficult to relate with and transition into my own sense of identity. Looking at these difficulties I experienced while transitioning back into the Filipino culture, a better sense of who I am – the fundamental question of philosophy – can be achieved. Also, in regarding these observations as lessons learned on my part, I can better understand how I interact and deal with people here in the Philippines, which has been a longing of mine for quite some time now. The first aspect of Filipino culture that struck me as cultural barrier was Language. Even though I grew up here in the Philippines for the majority of my life, I was raised in an English speaking home and school system. Although I can understand Tagalog fluently, and speak it well enough to get around the city and hold casual conversations, my accent is what ultimately distinguishes me apart from other Filipinos. Filipino culture, while heavily influenced by American culture, is at the point were to fluently spoken English is somewhat looked down upon by the majority of the masses living here. A reason for this can obviously be found in the shift from English to Tagalog as the language used in the educational system that took place a couple decades ago. This attitude towards English speakers has also been enhanced due to the rise in BPO and call centers here in Manila. Having trained communication skills in two different call centers here, I can say with conviction that people who work there, a large and growing percentage of workers aged 19-35, have a subtle disdain for the language that makes it difficult for fluent speakers of English to be accepted as members of this culture and society. This, obviously makes sense since the national language of this country is and should always be Tagalog. It does, however, create difficulties when trying to transition into this culture; difficulties aided all the more by the fact that casual joking about English speakers (i. e. nosebleed jokes etc) have practically become a social norm. ( Reflecting on this cultural barrier as a TCK and Filipino citizen, I’ve come to realize the importance of language as a tool for the transmission of culture and values, as was stated in Berger and Lukmann’s article on Institutionalism. Having undergone two years of being made fun of (lightly) for my Kano accent while speaking Tagalog, I have also realized that my identity as a TCK can adapt to the cultural bantering with a healthier attitude now days. I no longer feel insecure about my â€Å"baluktot† Tagalog and have come to accept that the Filipino culture pokes fun of me without any malice – a characteristic of our culture that I have come to admire. Another aspect of the Filipino culture that I have had difficulty relating to and integrating into my own identity is the Shame-based aspect of it. Having gone to an American based international school system, my attitude towards confrontation and humor was definitively American. This differs drastically from the Filipino culture, where shame is regarded as the ultimate social taboo. In American culture, there is a mutual understanding that confrontation and directness is the norm when addressing issues between people. This trickles down into the humor of Americans, which is based on practical jokes and oriented more towards embarrassment. This difference in mentality can create a lot of offense to Filipinos. On the other hand, the shame based cultural aspect of the Philippines can also create confusion to Filipino-Americans like me, who have experienced instances where a â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† might not necessarily mean it. The confusion caused by this aspect of Filipino culture has dissipated over the time I’ve spent integrating myself into it. I feel now that my humor is more Filipino than American, and I can understand the dynamics of the shame based culture works. In general, I feel that overcoming this transition into Filipino culture has significantly helped me understand who I am as a Filipino-American. All in all, these aspects of Filipino culture, which have been overcome and assimilated by me have made me realize how much my identity is inclined and oriented towards this culture. Another aspect of culture that we learned about in class was that it changes after behavior changes. Being passed down from generation to generation, this characteristic also defines culture as constantly changing. The most significant realization that occurred to me about my identity as a TCK in relation to this definition of culture was that I have been more prepared to adapt and tackle change. As technology develops faster and faster, the rate of change in cultures worldwide increases. The unique advantage that I have as a TCK is that change and transition has been occurring in my life ever since I could remember. With the culture of ours gradually morphing into a culture of pressure to achieve, others who are not used to change and transition might not handle it as well as I can. This is the main advantage of being influenced by multiple cultures while growing up and I can say that as the world continues to demand individual responses to change, I am perhaps better equipped to handling them because of my TCK experience.

Odysseus’ story Essay

SOME ARE monsters, some are slaves, some are beautiful and cunning women and some are powerful kings. In Homeric literature, a character is either good or bad depending on their xenia or shape (e.g. Charybdis). However, from reading ‘The Odyssey’, one can see the admirable characters and the not so admirable characters. Such characters have either good or bad xenia, old or young, male or female, some can be a menial as a slave (such as Eumaeus) and some can be as great as a Troy hero and king (such as Nestor). This is an exploration of whether or not Eumaeus is the most admirable character in ‘The Odyssey’ or not. We first meet Odysseus’ swineherd in Book Fourteen in the porch of his hut. He had been caring for Odysseus’ property during his absence. Odysseus appears to him as a beggar and despite the status that such person has, Eumaeus being but a servant understands xenia and entertains Odysseus by preparing a feast for him.  In Book Fourteen, Eumaeus grieves not only for the loss of Odysseus but also for Telemachus who had gone to find his father. It is clear from Book Sixteen, that Eumaeus loves Telemachus like a father loves a son as when he returns he drops everything and kisses Telemachus and cries with pleasure of his safe return to Ithaca. He shows respect for his masters in Book Fourteen, another admirable trait, when he says to the disguised Odysseus that servants can’t give admirable gifts when they work in fear of their overpowering masters. This shows that Eumaeus understands his place an Odysseus and Telemachus both recognise this and treat Eumaeus with great respect. One could argue that Homer created Eumaeus as the most admirable character as there is a not in Book Fourteen that claims that Homer loved his created character and sometimes the literature speaks directly to Eumaeus.  After Eumaeus’ prayer that Odysseus may return, Odysseus feels that it is right that he should reveal his scar and prove that he is with them. The text says that Eumaeus is overwhelmed to see his master again and is weeping and kissing him so much, that if Odysseus hadn’t stopped them, it would have gone on all day and all night! This shows a great and respecting love for the King of Ithaca. Eumaeus speaks out, bravely (or foolishly some could argue) against the Suitors. This shows bravery in his character as well as loyalty and love. He is truly characterised as a noble and respectable person. He also helps in the execution of the maidservants and the mutilation of Melanthius.  All of the above describe how admirable Eumaeus is and there is not a point in the text when he is not admirable, loving, kind or brave. However, there are other admirable characters in ‘The Odyssey’. I would argue that King Nestor of Pylos, a hero against Troy with Odysseus, is an admirable character in ‘The Odyssey’. He is a very generous host and actually is so generous and so loyal to xenia that in Book Fifteen, Telemachus pleads with Nestor’s son, Peisistratus (Telemachus’ Patroclus type character) to not let him see Telemachus, as he will keep him against his will with his passion for hospitality! Some could argue that this in its self is an abuse of xenia. Nestor also stops Telemachus from sleeping on his ‘hollowed ship’ and says that he should sleep in the palace. This shows true loyalty to xenia. Before this however, Nestor believes that Telemachus even looks like Odysseus and tells Telemachus of his faith in him. This shows a caring for his friend’s family. Nestor is even kind enough to let his son act as a friend and guardian to Telemachus on his journeys.  Nestor’s character is one of great caring and compassion and he looks out for Telemachus as a father would look out for a son and I think that this is a truly admirable trait of King Nestor. Another admirable character is Antinous and Arete’s daughter, Nausicaa, princess of Phaeacia. She meets Odysseus when he has been washed up on the shore of the island and is wearing no more than a fig leaf over his genitalia. Anyone would have thought him mad or overly promiscuous, however, despite her first impressions, the young woman hears of Odysseus’ story and shows pity on the great man in his miserable state. She orders her ladies to bathe him and even tells him how to get into the city and speak with her father, Antinous through his wife Arete). With all this guidance she shows mercy on a man in a state where others would have either ran or jeered at him. This shows a merciful character in Nausicaa and for such a young girl she has an understanding of xenia. She falls in love with Odysseus and she is even offered by Antinous as a wife for Odysseus, but Odysseus is having none of it and just wants his presents and one of their good ships to go home in.  Nausicaa demonstrates mercy on Odysseus in the only time we see him as being so disparate and needy for help. The only time when he loses face and the only time really when all he has are his articulate words to help him out of situation. This shows that Nausicaa probably knew that Odysseus was a great man and that his state would have de-motivated him so the very fact that she shows such compassion towards him shows that she sympathises with his situation. This I believe is a very admirable thing to do and shows great intelligence for someone so young. Therefore, Eumaeus is one of the most admirable but not the most. Nestor and Nausicaa, both explored above are equally as admirable but in slightly different ways. Eumaeus’ admiralty comes from his loyalty to Odysseus and his want to defend his right to be loyal. Nestor is admirable for his hospitality and the way he speaks of Odysseus and the help that he gives to Telemachus on his journey to track down his father. Lastly, Nausicaa is admirable as she is able to trust a man that others would have thought bonkers. He appears to her naked and she accepts his honesty and mercifully helps him due to his articulate speech. Homer has truly created some of the greatest characters in the world of literature and these good and admirable persons are part of the huge enjoyment one has when one reads his ‘Odyssey’.